The World In 2050 [The Real Future Of Earth] – BBC & Nat Geo Documentaries

We are in a race the race is against. We have to build we need them but we have to make them in a different way. We need a wave of innovation not only for our way of life but also for the plan. The consequences would be enormous if we lose this battle. I’m Thomas gets executive editor at the wired magazine and wired look at the innovators and innovations that are changing our world in the next hour we’ll see 3 stories from acclaimed filmmakers about the future of energy. We’ll explore cutting edge innovations in how we drive how we live and in our first story how we fuel our cars. They’re all ideas that promise to shape the path to the world of 2015. All. The world has right now close to 1000000 cars and by double the number of cars in the. So we double the number of vehicles we really increase the amount of fuel they consume and that’s gonna have a big day for our demand for resources in the finals. We were pulling up carbon has been stored underground and burning in our automobiles and putting all that carbon dioxide yeah. We don’t reduce have changes in the climate that we could never recover from. There’s a number of forecasts for what type of transportation Connie we could move into one vision is that we will use more and more liquid fuels another owner will use more like Tricity right now more of the industrial activity is focused around liquid biofuels. The thing about the fuel is it’s really unparalleled on a weight basis how much energy is in a gallon of fuel and even if batteries develop as some of the advocates hope they develop we’re not gonna see batteries running large trucks and we’re certainly not going to see an electrified carefully. We’re going to need transportation fuels for those that will directly replace the petroleum-based fuels that we’re using today. This is kicked off people looking at the whole range of other alternatives to petroleum in your tank. Michelle’s production of ethanol fuel started in Brazil in 1975 when we started the ethanol program of what he’s talking about reducing emissions this was not an issue at that time. First and most important we didn’t have money to buy oil anymore after the fish social lose their importance of oil and today more than 50 percent of all cars use ethanol syllabus of. Brazil made a very conscious choice to try to find a way to reduce their fossil fuel dependence and they don’t have to look very far because Brazil’s climate is ideal for growing sugar cane. We’ll have sugarcane plantation will have only 2 things to make sugar ethanol. My family has been in the sugar cane business since 1955 and the boat 30 years ago I thought there is an opportunity to make a final. Allow we’re producing 120000 cubic meters off with all. Brazil today has very close to 400 through the mails the overall sales is 30000000000 US dollars on this number using pres. If you look at how they make ethanol and how efficient the process is it’s really a model for all of us. They grind the plant up extract the sugar from the cane to sugar goes into these large fermentation tanks which combine sugars together with meets the naturally produces apple they use the rest of the plant to generate to distill the ethanol and turn it into fuel. They also use that he can generate electricity renewably not putting excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Brazil has got to a point today where they’re using about 40 percent less control him then they would be otherwise but Brazil can not supply the whole world without them all because they would have to cut very strongly to food production and into critical natural areas like the Amazon to make that happen. And this really boils down to the fact that there’s only so much arable land and growing fuel for our gas tanks easy yet another demand on that landscape. We cannot kill cells in thinking that the found a general solution for the world’s problems I think we’ll have to face the ward in this way today we have little. Loyal and very large plenty this anymore. You have no cold transforming the cleanly in the meantime we’ll have to do the best we can. On the best at the moment is that they can live. Sugarcane to ethanol is an incredibly efficient process you get out about 7 times the energy you put into growing the sugar cane. In the US when we produce ethanol from corn for every unit of the input of energy we get about the same amount of energy out. So we’re really not gaining anything we need a better process we don’t have to take what nature has given us we can actually engineer plants and he’s to be more efficient and that’s the basis for a lot of the work that we’re doing. What we need to look at though is which of the pathways to come out of this are not only good financially but those are also good or sustainability and this equation is really wide open right now. We are in a race to develop fuel. The race is it with other countries the race is. 2 meters they needed and future demands we made the energy solutions spring from the ground. I feel the most efficient ethanol-producing country in the world. You come uncle quote from proceed can produce the total carbon footprint by up to 70 percent compared with the past. The biggest challenge for providers and common factors to reduce CO 2 emissions over the next 20 years. Demand for mobility we continue to grow we believe that by a few very important because they help in the media play. All forms of fuel that going to be needed hydrocarbons natural gas biofuels all of them are going to be part of it and it should make for the future of transportation. Brazil has been very successful at taking a resource they had and finding the process to make that into a and people call those first-generation biofuels. We have lots of lab work around the world they’re looking at the second generation that’s generally turning so you lost material from for example we into a bio. And the United States is very much at the forefront of the innovation park. For centuries we’ve been using leased to consume glucose and produce wine and beer we’re trying to do something very similar only we’re engineering fees to consume that glucose and turn it into a fuel or drug or chemical we call this synthetic biology and when I started in this area many of my colleagues said OJ this is great work but where is the application what did I do with these tools who cares. There is an enormous problem in any one year the 0 or so people die of the disease and most of them are children under the age of 5 so we thought this is a great opportunity to engineer yeast to produce an anti-malarial drug called artemisinin. This drug is derived from plants right now but it’s too expensive for people in the developing world so my laboratory engineered yeast to produce small quantities of art in the Senate now that process is being scaled up and we’ll have to struggle to the market shortly but at a substantially reduce cost. It turns out that antimalarial drugs hydrocarbon and it’s very similar in many ways to diesel fuel. We thought gosh we can turn our attention now to fuels we could make a few changes in that micro to turn it into a fuel-producing microbe if we imagine that glucose is going to be our new patrol and we need a source for that glucose and so the crops that we’re looking at our crops like switchgrass this is a native grass that grows without a lot of water and on marginal lands but we can turn it into energy farms. The challenge though is that unlike sugar cane is very difficult to get the sugar out of that file. So we use what we call a pre-treatment process to extract the truth

 

 

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